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Property investment remains incredibly popular in the UK, despite a succession of measures from the Government in recent years which has dented the returns on offer.

According to a study by Hamptons International, there were around 2.66 million landlords across the country last year. While that’s the lowest figure in seven years, it’s still an awful lot of people with money tied up in property investments.

And these landlords are facing financial difficulties of their own as a result of the coronavirus situation. So what help is on offer to landlords? The answer may vary slightly depending on precisely where you have invested in property.

The UK

Certain provisions apply across all of the UK, no matter whether you have an investment in Belfast, Bangor, Burnley or Bearsden.

As a result of the Coronavirus Act and Coronavirus (Scotland) Act, residential tenants who miss their rent payments are protected from eviction for three months.

However, as this could put landlords in the difficult position of having to absorb these losses while keeping up with their own mortgage payments, mortgage lenders have agreed to offer eligible landlords mortgage payment holidays of up to three months.

This works in the same was a mortgage payment holiday on a regular residential mortgage. While you do not have to make your usual payment, that debt is not being wiped out ‒ you will still have to pay it, just at a later date. As a result it will increase the cost of future repayments.

In order to qualify, landlords need to meet two specific criteria. Firstly, their tenant will need to have been directly or indirectly impacted by Covid-19.

In addition, you must be up to date on your current mortgage payments.

For more on mortgage payment holidays, read Mortgage payment holidays: costs, risks and who is eligible.

Scotland

There’s further support though if you have invested in a property in Scotland, for some landlords at least.

The Scottish government has announced a specialist fund designed to provide financial backing to landlords north of the border.

The Private Rent Sector Landlord Covid-19 Loan Scheme is worth £5 million and will allow landlords to claim up to 100% of lost rental income for a single property, should their tenants be unable to keep up with the rent currently.

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The Scottish government made it clear that if landlords have concerns over keeping up with their repayments they should speak to their lender about taking a mortgage payment holiday before applying to the loan scheme.

Importantly, the loan scheme isn’t open to all landlords. In order to be eligible, landlords must not be classified as businesses, have five or fewer properties available for rent and have lost rental income as a result of Covid-19.

Landlords will be able to apply for a loan to cover lost rental income for a period of up to six months, which will be backdated to the start of March. The payment will come in two halves, with landlords asked to verify the continued loss of income before the second instalment is paid.

Loan repayments are deferred until October 2020. The loan will be repaid in 12 monthly instalments, though it can be fully repaid at any point.

Meeting your responsibilities

Despite the impact of the pandemic, landlords still need to meet certain responsibilities.

Landlords remain legally obligated to ensure that properties are up to the required standard, so if urgent, essential health and safety repairs are required, they must be made.

Landlords can discuss with their tenants any non-urgent repairs and when they can be safely carried out.

The Government has advised that local authorities should take a “pragmatic, risk-based approach” when it comes to enforcement.

The hand-arm vibration syndrome (sometimes abbreviated to HAVS) causes changes in the sensation of the fingers which can lead to permanent numbness of fingers, muscle weakness and, in some cases, bouts of white finger. It is caused by working with vibrating tools. It would be unusual for you to develop hand-arm vibration syndrome unless you had used vibrating tools for at least ten years. If you stop working with vibrating tools it may prevent mild symptoms from becoming worse.

What is hand-arm vibration syndrome?

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) causes symptoms in fingers, hands and arms, as a result of using vibrating tools. It used to be called vibration white finger. The name was changed to HAVS, as other symptoms may occur in addition to white fingers.

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What causes hand-arm vibration syndrome?

HAVS is caused by repeated and frequent use of hand-held vibrating tools - for example, power drills, chainsaws and pneumatic drills. It may also be caused by holding or working with machinery that vibrates. It is not clear how vibration causes the condition. It is probably due to slight but repeated injury to the small nerves and blood vessels in the fingers. Over time these may gradually lose some of their function and cause symptoms. Possibly, up to 1 in 10 people who work regularly with vibrating tools may develop HAVS.

What are the symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome?

Nerves are affected initially, leading to changes in sensation. This can then be followed by Raynaud's phenomenon resulting from changes in the blood vessels and resulting in a white finger. These changes also lead to muscular aches and pains.

Nerve symptoms

Loss of feeling (numbness) and/or having pins and needles (tingling) in one or more fingers are usually the early features. It may be mild and just affect the tips of the finger(s) and come and go. In severe cases a permanent numbness may extend along affected fingers. This may cause clumsiness and difficulty in doing fine tasks. For example, it may become difficult to fasten buttons or to handle coins, screws, nails, threads, etc. In many people the severity of nerve symptoms is somewhere in between these two extremes. Sometimes one finger is badly affected with other fingers only mildly affected.

Raynaud's phenomenon - white finger symptoms

Raynaud's phenomenon comes in bouts or attacks that are triggered by cold weather or touching a cold object. A typical appearance in Raynaud's syndrome is seen when the fingers go white, then blue, then red.

Vibrating tools are just one cause of Raynaud's phenomenon. There are other causes too. See the separate leaflet called Raynaud's Phenomenon.

Aches and pains

Minor damage to the muscles, joints and bones may cause aches and pains in the hands and lower arm. The strength of your grip may be weakened.

How do symptoms progress?

You may have some loss of feeling (numbness) or tingling (pins and needles) which comes and goes. This may be followed by bouts of Raynaud's phenomenon on cold, wet and windy days, affecting the ends of one or more fingers. Symptoms may remain mild but can progress if you continue to work with vibrating tools. Vibration itself rarely triggers a bout of Raynaud's phenomenon. It is cold weather or cold conditions that trigger Raynaud's phenomenon.

As the condition develops, numbness becomes permanent. This leads to muscle weakness and wasting. Bouts of Raynaud's phenomenon will become more frequent (and also in the summer) although usually only if your hands are wet.

In some cases the symptoms develop months or years after finishing working with vibrating tools.

How is hand-arm vibration syndrome

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diagnosed?

Your description of your symptoms and the fact that you have worked for a long time with vibrating tools may be enough to clinch the diagnosis of HAVS. However, tests are sometimes needed, especially if you are involved in a compensation claim. The tests may include checking your grip strength, your ability to perform fine hand movements and the response of your fingers to cold.

The Health and Safety Executive has a calculator that can help to gauge how much exposure you might have had to equipment that can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (see 'Further reading' section below).

Can hand-arm vibration syndrome be prevented?

The following steps are thought to help prevent HAVS in workers who use vibrating tools:

• Hold tools as loosely as possible and in varying positions.
• Ensure that tools are well maintained.
• Use tools correctly and use the right tool for the job. The aim is not to need to use excessive grip, nor to use a tool for longer than necessary.
• Take regular breaks of at least 10 minutes away from the tool. Short bursts of work are better than long periods of work without a break.
• Keep warm while at work - especially your hands.
• You should not smoke - the chemicals in tobacco can affect blood flow.

What should I do if symptoms develop?

If you suspect that you have symptoms of HAVS then see your doctor. Also, report your concerns to your employer, works nurse, or work doctor (if there is one) and, where relevant, to your union representative. It is your employer's responsibility to make sure that you work in a safe and acceptable working environment.

What is the treatment for hand-arm vibration syndrome?

Stop using vibrating tools if possible

This may prevent symptoms from getting worse. However, it is not clear whether nerve symptoms can improve once they have developed. If possible, you should consider a change of job or reach an agreement with your employer to restrict the hours that you spend using vibrating machines.

Avoid medications that can make the circulation to the fingers worse

• Examples include beta-blockers, which are used for high blood pressure or heart problems.
• Decongestants that can be bought for cold and flu symptoms: these often contain adrenalin which can be bad for the circulation in your hands.
• Certain migraine pills like propranolol, or those that are prescribed by specialists that contain medicines called ergot-derivates.
• In woman, sometimes the oral contraceptive pill can make hand-arm vibration syndrome worse.

Stop smoking

• Smoking will furr up the arteries that pump blood to your fingers so stopping smoking is one of the key things you can do to treatment hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Medications

• Sometimes medications that relax the blood vessels can be tried. They do not always work however. An example is nifedipine. Your doctor will explain the advantages and disadvantages of this to you.

Does it ever get better?

HAVS does sometimes get better if you stop using vibrating tools early enough. However, if you have severe symptoms and carry on working you may find they persist, even when you do eventually stop.

What about employment?

Employers are aware of the risks of HAVS and this is usually disclosed to employees prior to starting work. To read more, see the separate leaflet called Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit. Also listed below are other organisations which might be helpful:

• Your trade union.
• The local Citizens Advice Bureau.
• The local Health and Safety Executive (HSE) area office.
• The Environmental Health Department of your local council.
• Department for Work and Pensions.

• Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome; Department for Work and Pensions, 2004

• Hand arm vibration; Health and Safety Executive

• Advice for Employers - Hand-arm vibration; Health and Safety Executive

• Weir E, Lander L; Hand-arm vibration syndrome. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2005 Apr 12172(8):1001-2.

• Pelmear PL; The clinical assessment of hand-arm vibration syndrome. Occup Med (Lond). 2003 Aug53(5):337-41.

• Hand-arm vibration exposure calculator; Health and Safety Executive

Related Information

• Hand-arm Vibration SyndromePro
• Raynaud's PhenomenonPro

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